Kant’s philosophy rests on two Enlightenment pillars: first, that morality is rational—derivable through reason, though highly colored by his Lutheran roots. Second, because contexts vary and perfect action is often impossible, morality must be judged by will—the intent to do good, not outcomes.
Thus, rationality alone is insufficient; it requires volitional commitment.
Paradoxically, this empowers individuals as moral agents while demanding they suppress instinct in favor of reasoned duty.
Autonomy emerges not through freedom from rules (the individual’s path), but through self-legislated, disciplined adherence to universal moral law.